HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most severe stage of HIV infection.

HIV weakens the immune system over time, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. Without treatment, the virus can progress to AIDS, leaving individuals vulnerable to life-threatening infections and cancers

HIV spreads through the exchange of certain bodily fluids, including:

• Blood

• Semen

• Vaginal fluids

• Rectal fluids

• Breast milk
  HIV is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

HIV symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection:

• Acute HIV Infection (2-4 weeks after exposure): Flu-like symptoms, fever, sore throat, rash, swollen lymph nodes.

• Chronic HIV Infection: Often asymptomatic but gradually weakens the immune system.

• AIDS: Severe immune system damage, frequent infections, weight loss, extreme fatigue.

HIV is diagnosed through blood or saliva tests. The most common tests include:

• Rapid HIV tests: Provide results in minutes.

• Antibody/Antigen tests: Detect HIV earlier than antibody-only tests.

• PCR tests: Used to detect HIV genetic material in the blood.

Yes, HIV can be managed with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), which helps lower the virus in the body to undetectable levels. When HIV is undetectable, it cannot be transmitted through sex (Undetectable = Untransmittable, or U=U). ART allows individuals with HIV to live long, healthy lives.

There are several ways to prevent HIV infection, including:

• Using condoms during sex.

• Taking PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) if at high risk.

• Getting regular HIV testing to know your status.

• Avoiding needle sharing and using clean syringes.

• Using PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) within 72 hours after potential exposure.

HIV testing is available at healthcare clinics, community health centers, and at-home test kits. Many organizations offer free or low-cost testing. Visit CDC’s HIV Testing Locator to find a testing site near you.

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PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a daily medication that helps prevent HIV. It is highly effective for individuals at risk of contracting HIV through sex or injection drug use. When taken consistently, PrEP reduces the risk of HIV infection by up to 99% in sexual transmission and by at least 74% for people who inject drugs.

PrEP works by creating a protective barrier in your body, preventing HIV from establishing an infection. The medication contains antiretroviral drugs that block the virus from replicating if you are exposed to it.

PrEP is recommended for individuals who are at higher risk of HIV exposure, including:

• People in a sexual relationship with an HIV-positive partner.

• Those who do not use condoms consistently with partners of unknown HIV status.

• Individuals with multiple sexual partners.

• People who inject drugs and share needles.

• Individuals who have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past six months.

PrEP is available by prescription from healthcare providers. To start PrEP, you will need:

1. An initial HIV test to confirm that you are HIV-negative.

2. Routine follow-ups every three months to monitor your health and renew your prescription.

3. Additional STI and kidney function tests as part of your ongoing care.

Yes, PrEP is generally safe and well-tolerated. Some people may experience mild side effects such as nausea, headache, or stomach discomfort, but these typically subside over time. Regular check-ups help ensure PrEP remains safe for you.

PrEP only prevents HIV, not other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or pregnancy. Using condoms and getting tested regularly for STIs can provide additional protection.

PrEP is available through healthcare providers, clinics, and community health organizations. Many programs offer financial assistance or free PrEP for those who qualify.

Check with your local health department or visit CDC’s PrEP Locator to find a provider near you.

We can also help navigate to local clinics and Health Department. Fill our form click here.

In most cases, the cost of PrEP medication and services are covered by insurance.

Under the Affordable Care Act, PrEP is free under almost all health insurance plans. PrEP is a preventive service and should be covered without charging you a co-payment or co-insurance. This is true even if you haven’t met your yearly deductible. That means you can’t be charged for your PrEP medication, the clinic visits to see your health care provider, and lab tests you need to get and maintain your prescription.

source link: HIV.gov